Python- A detailed tutorial

1. Introduction
   • Python is a high-level, general-purpose programming language that is widely used in web development, data analysis, artificial intelligence, and scientific computing.
   • It is easy to learn, has a simple syntax, and is highly readable, making it a great language for beginners.
   • Python is also an interpreted language, which means that it is executed line by line at runtime, rather than being compiled into machine code before execution.
2. Setting up Python
   • To start using Python, you will need to have it installed on your computer.
   • If you are using a Mac or Linux operating system, Python is likely already installed. To check, open a terminal window and type python3 --version. This should print the version number of Python that is installed on your system.
   • If you are using a Windows operating system, you can download and install Python from the official Python website (https://www.python.org/downloads/).
   • Once you have Python installed, you can use a text editor or an integrated development environment (IDE) to write and run your Python code. Some popular text editors include Sublime Text and Atom, and some popular IDEs include PyCharm and IDLE (which comes installed with Python).
3. Python Syntax
   • Python uses indentation to define blocks of code, rather than curly braces or keywords like begin and end.
   • Indentation is done using whitespace, and it is important to be consistent with your indentation throughout your code.
   • Comments in Python are denoted using the # symbol. Everything following the # symbol on a line is ignored by the interpreter.
   • Python uses print() function to output text to the console. Here is an example:

# This is a comment

# This is a print statement
print("Hello, World!")

• Python is case-sensitive, so myVariable and myvariable are different variables.
• Variable names can only contain letters, numbers, and underscores, and cannot begin with a number.
• Python has several built-in data types, including integers, floats, strings, and booleans. Here are some examples of declaring variables and assigning values to them:

# Declaring variables
age = 30
name = "John"
is_married = True

# Printing variables
print(age)
print(name)
print(is_married)

# Reassigning values to variables
age = 35
name = "Jane"
is_married = False

# Printing updated values of variables
print(age)
print(name)
print(is_married)

4. Basic Operations
   • Python supports basic arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division using the +, -, *, and / symbols, respectively. Here are some examples:

# Addition
print(1 + 2)  # Output: 3

# Subtraction
print(5 - 3)  # Output: 2

# Multiplication
print(4 * 5)  # Output: 20

# Division
print(10 / 3)  # Output: 3.3333333333333335